30 protocols commonly used in the Network Access Layer of the TCP/IP model, along with brief descriptions and corresponding links for further exploration:
- Ethernet: A widely used LAN technology that defines the physical and data link layers.
- Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11): A set of wireless standards for local area networking.
- PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): Used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
- SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol): Provides encapsulation and transmission of IP packets over serial connections.
- HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): Synchronous data link layer protocol used for wide area network communication.
- PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet): A protocol for encapsulating PPP frames within Ethernet frames.
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on local networks.
- VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network): A method to create logical LAN segments within a physical LAN infrastructure.
- STP (Spanning Tree Protocol): Prevents loops in network topologies by creating a loop-free logical topology.
- LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol): Discovers network devices connected to a LAN and collects information about them.
- CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection): A media access control method used in Ethernet networks to detect and handle collisions.
- ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A cell-based switching technology used in wide area networks.
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A mechanism for forwarding network packets based on labels instead of IP addresses.
- Frame Relay: A packet-switching technology used for wide area networks.
- PPP Multilink Protocol: Allows multiple physical WAN links to be combined into a single logical link.
- HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): Synchronous data link layer protocol used for wide area network communication.
- Ethernet bonding (802.3ad): Aggregates multiple physical Ethernet links into a single logical link.
- Token Ring: A LAN technology that uses a token-passing mechanism for media access control.
- FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface): A high-speed LAN technology based on fiber-optic cables.
- Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard for short-range communication between devices.
- WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access): A security protocol for wireless networks.
- WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): An older security protocol for wireless networks.
- CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): A digital cellular technology that uses spread spectrum techniques.
- GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): A standard for mobile telephony and data transfer.
- LTE (Long-Term Evolution): A 4G wireless communication standard.
- WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): A wireless communication standard for long-range broadband access.
- ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5): The adaptation layer used to carry higher-level protocols over ATM networks.
- ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2): The adaptation layer used for voice and video services over ATM networks.
- IEEE 1394 (FireWire): A high-speed serial bus interface standard.
- USB (Universal Serial Bus): A common interface for connecting devices to computers.
Please note that the provided links are to Wikipedia pages, which serve as a starting point for learning about these protocols. For more in-depth technical details, you may refer to official documentation, RFCs, or other reputable sources